Climate change has emerged as a significant global concern, with far-reaching implications for various sectors. In Iran, this impact is particularly pronounced, affecting rainfall patterns, pollination, flowering, and harvest times. According to the country's former permanent representative and ambassador to the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), these changes have greatly influenced the agriculture sector and food security.

Unraveling the Complexities of Climate Change's Impact on Food

Impact on Temperature and Evaporation

In some parts of Iran, the air temperature has witnessed an increase of 2 degrees. This significant rise is in contrast to the highest temperature set in the world, which amounts to only 1.5 degrees. Studies have shown that for every degree increase in global temperature, the amount of evaporation rises by 23 percent. Such an increase negatively affects both the agriculture and animal husbandry sectors, disrupting the delicate balance of these vital industries. 2: The implications of this temperature rise and increased evaporation are far-reaching. Farmers face challenges in maintaining optimal growing conditions for their crops. Water scarcity becomes a pressing issue, as more water is evaporated from the soil and plants. This not only affects the quantity of harvest but also the quality of the produce. The nutritional values of crops are disturbed, leading to potential health issues for consumers.

Alteration of Plant Growth Patterns

Climate change not only affects temperature and evaporation but also alters plant growth patterns. This disruption can have a significant impact on the overall agricultural output. Crops may not grow as expected, leading to reduced yields and potential food shortages. The unpredictability of these changes makes it difficult for farmers to plan and manage their agricultural activities effectively. 2: The nutritional composition of crops is also affected by these changes. Certain nutrients may be depleted, while others may be enhanced. This poses a challenge for both farmers and consumers, as they need to ensure that the food they consume meets their dietary needs and preferences. Additionally, the altered growth patterns can lead to the emergence of new pests and diseases, further complicating the agricultural landscape.

Effects of Unexpected Events

Unexpected effects of climate change, such as drought, flood, and landslides, have all had a significant impact on food security in Iran. Droughts can lead to water shortages, affecting the growth and survival of crops. Floods, on the other hand, can damage crops and infrastructure, leading to losses in agricultural production. Landslides can disrupt transportation routes and access to food, further exacerbating the food security situation. 2: These events not only affect the immediate availability of food but also have long-term consequences. The recovery from such disasters can be slow and costly, and it can take years for the agricultural sector to regain its footing. In addition, the psychological impact of these events on farmers and communities can be significant, affecting their livelihoods and well-being.

Mitigation Program by DOE

The Department of Environment (DOE) is taking proactive measures to mitigate the impacts of climate change on the country. In line with the Seventh National Development Plan (2023 - 2027), which emphasizes the expansion of a green economy and low-carbon industry, the DOE has placed the development of a mitigating program on its agenda. 2: Iran is strongly affected by climate change, and it is also among the top ten countries emitting greenhouse gases. The energy sector accounts for more than 86 percent of the country's greenhouse gas emissions, with the power plant sector being the largest contributor, accounting for 32 percent. By developing a mitigating program, the DOE aims to address these issues and reduce the country's carbon footprint.

Challenges and Solutions

One of the main challenges faced by Iran in addressing climate change is the lack of comprehensive legal and executive regulations. Once these laws are developed, the responsibilities of the executive and supervisory bodies of the DOE will be determined in the face of climate change impacts. 2: To end acute hunger and malnutrition in the world, it is critical to develop solutions. This requires a collaborative effort between governments, international organizations, and the private sector. By investing in research and development, improving agricultural practices, and promoting sustainable food systems, we can work towards a more food-secure future.