China's Digital Cultural Diplomacy: The Rise of Video Games as a Soft Power Tool

Jan 16, 2025 at 2:42 PM

The global influence of China has extended beyond traditional infrastructure projects and trade networks, finding an innovative avenue through video games. Chinese tech giant Tencent has emerged as a key player in this domain, leveraging its dominance in digital entertainment to project Chinese culture worldwide. This shift marks a significant evolution in how China engages with the world, using cultural appeal rather than coercion. By integrating elements of Chinese history, mythology, and aesthetics into globally popular games, Tencent is reshaping global perceptions of China. This approach not only promotes cultural exchange but also positions China as a leading force in the digital entertainment industry.

For decades, Western forces have dominated global pop culture through Hollywood movies, American music, and Japanese anime. However, China is now entering this space with its rapidly growing gaming industry. At the forefront of this movement is Tencent, which has quietly established itself as a global leader in gaming over the past decade. Through strategic acquisitions and investments, Tencent has built a vast gaming empire that spans continents. The company owns Riot Games, developers of the immensely popular "League of Legends," and holds a significant stake in Epic Games, creators of "Fortnite." These moves underscore Tencent's ambition to captivate international audiences while subtly introducing them to Chinese culture.

Tencent's flagship mobile game, "Honor of Kings," exemplifies this strategy. Originally designed with strong Chinese cultural themes, it has expanded globally under the name "Arena of Valor." More recently, Tencent has introduced "Honor of Kings" directly to Western markets, showcasing confidence that global players are ready for culturally specific content. The game features characters inspired by ancient Chinese figures, such as Lu Ban and the Monkey King from "Journey to the West." This integration introduces global audiences to Chinese folklore and history in an engaging and natural way. Another notable example is "Black Myth: Wukong," developed by Chinese studio Game Science, which offers an authentic experience rooted in Chinese mythology and has gained international acclaim for its stunning visuals and compelling narrative.

Beyond individual titles, Tencent plays a pivotal role in the booming e-sports industry. Games like "League of Legends" have created international tournaments watched by millions, often featuring Chinese branding and cultural elements. This further embeds China's influence into global gaming culture. Tencent's efforts align with China's broader strategy under the Digital Silk Road (DSR) initiative, promoting the global reach of Chinese digital services. By positioning itself as a technological leader and cultural exporter, China aims to shape global digital culture and foster greater appreciation for its heritage.

Despite commercial success and cultural impact, Tencent's gaming portfolio has faced criticism. Concerns about the export of China's digital governance model and the intersection of state interests with corporate strategy have raised questions. However, this approach also highlights a shift towards softer diplomacy, offering collaboration, cultural storytelling, and shared entertainment experiences. As video games continue to grow as a dominant form of global entertainment, China's strategic investments in this sector are likely to yield long-term cultural dividends. Through mythological heroes and e-sports spectacles, China's gaming industry is redefining the role of digital platforms in soft power, presenting the country as a vibrant cultural force in the digital age.