The United States has taken a significant step in food safety by prohibiting the use of Red 3 dye in food products. This decision comes after nearly three and a half decades since the substance was banned from cosmetics due to potential health risks. The dye, known for its bright cherry-red hue, is derived from petroleum and has been used in various foods, including candies, snack cakes, and maraschino cherries. Following a petition from food safety advocates and pressure from lawmakers, the FDA has decided to revoke its authorization for Red 3 in foods, dietary supplements, and oral medications. The ban will be phased in over the next few years, giving manufacturers time to reformulate their products.

The history of Red 3 dates back several decades. Officially recognized as erythrosine or FD&C Red No. 3, this artificial colorant has long been under scrutiny. In the early 1990s, the FDA prohibited its use in cosmetics and externally applied drugs after studies indicated it could cause cancer in laboratory rats. However, at that time, the agency allowed its continued use in food and ingestible medications, citing limited evidence of harm to humans. Over the years, health advocates have pushed for a reevaluation, arguing that the Delaney Clause mandates the removal of any additive shown to cause cancer in animals. In response to these concerns, the FDA has now acted to eliminate Red 3 from the food supply.

Despite the ban, some international organizations maintain that Red 3 is safe for human consumption at typical levels. The International Association of Color Manufacturers points to research conducted by the United Nations and the World Health Organization, which has reaffirmed the safety of the dye. Nevertheless, the FDA's decision reflects a precautionary approach to protect public health, especially considering children's higher exposure rates compared to adults. The agency acknowledges that while there is no direct evidence linking Red 3 to cancer in humans, the findings in animal studies necessitate action.

The implementation of the ban will occur gradually, with food producers having until January 2027 to comply. Makers of ingested drugs have an additional year, until January 2028, to remove the dye from their products. During this transition period, companies are exploring alternative natural colorants like beet juice, carmine, and pigments from fruits and vegetables. This shift not only aligns with consumer preferences for more natural ingredients but also ensures compliance with the new regulations. While the future of the ban remains uncertain, with potential legal challenges looming, the move underscores the FDA's commitment to safeguarding public health.