Researchers have emphasized the significance of continuous surveillance of emerging mutations in avian and bovine clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 viruses. A single mutation in the H5N1 avian influenza virus could potentially enhance its ability to attach to human cells, raising concerns about the possibility of transmission among humans.
Unraveling the Risks of Bird Flu Mutations
Research Insights on H5N1 Virus
There has been no clear evidence of person-to-person spread of bird flu so far. However, a study led by scientists at the Scripps Research Institute has revealed that a single mutation in the H5N1 virus could lead to enhanced attachment to human cells. This finding highlights the need for constant monitoring of such mutations. As stated in the journal Science, these mutations could potentially pose a greater risk in the future.Public health officials have been conducting genomic analyses of the H5N1 virus and have found no changes that would make it more communicable among humans. They advise people to take necessary precautions such as wearing protective gear when in contact with infected or potentially infected animals. In the United States this year, there have been 58 human cases of bird flu, with most among livestock workers and all being mild.
Avian flu viruses typically require several mutations to adapt to humans. But a single amino acid mutation in hemagglutinin, which binds the virus to receptors on host cells, could allow the bird flu virus circulating among cattle to attach to human-like receptors. The Scripps scientists have demonstrated that the virus could easily evolve to recognize human-type receptors, but it doesn't mean the current H5N1 virus would be transmissible if it acquired the mutation.
