In a recent study published by the World Health Organization (WHO), severe bleeding and hypertensive disorders such as preeclampsia have emerged as the leading causes of maternal deaths worldwide. The research, which updates global data since 2015, reveals that these conditions claimed approximately 80,000 and 50,000 lives respectively in 2020. This alarming statistic underscores the urgent need for improved access to life-saving treatments and comprehensive care during pregnancy and childbirth. Additionally, the study highlights that underlying health issues, including infectious and chronic diseases, contribute significantly to maternal mortality. Addressing these challenges requires a holistic approach to women's health, ensuring high-quality care before, during, and after delivery.

Hemorrhage and Hypertensive Disorders Dominate Maternal Deaths

In the golden hues of autumn, the WHO released its latest findings on maternal mortality, emphasizing the critical role of hemorrhage and hypertensive disorders in causing maternal deaths. The report, published in The Lancet Global Health, marks the first update since the adoption of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals in 2015. According to the study, hemorrhage accounts for nearly one-third of all maternal deaths, while preeclampsia and other hypertensive disorders contribute an additional 16%. These conditions often go undetected or untreated until they reach critical stages, exacerbating risks for millions of women globally.

The research also sheds light on other direct obstetric causes, such as sepsis, pulmonary embolism, complications from abortions, and anesthetic issues during childbirth. Importantly, the study identifies underlying health conditions like HIV/AIDS, malaria, anemia, and diabetes as contributing factors to nearly a quarter of pregnancy-related deaths. Dr. Pascale Allotey, Director of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research at WHO, stressed the importance of understanding these causes to address the ongoing maternal mortality crisis and ensure better survival rates for women during childbirth.

Furthermore, the report calls for strengthened antenatal services to detect risks early, lifesaving obstetric care to manage emergencies, and essential postnatal checks. Notably, about a third of women, particularly in lower-income countries, lack access to crucial postnatal care in the days following birth. Broader preventive measures could reduce the prevalence of underlying health conditions that heighten risks for pregnant women.

Dr. Jenny Cresswell, a scientist at WHO and co-author of the paper, emphasized the need for a more holistic approach to maternal health. By supporting women across different life stages, health systems can provide the best chance for healthy pregnancies and births, ultimately enhancing long-term quality of life for mothers.

The study draws on national data reported to WHO and peer-reviewed studies, though it notes limitations in data availability for certain causes, such as maternal suicide and late maternal deaths. WHO is committed to improving access to high-quality, respectful services throughout the continuum of pregnancy, childbirth, and postnatal care. In 2024, WHO launched a global roadmap to tackle postpartum hemorrhage, a significant cause of maternal death. The upcoming World Health Day 2025 will focus on maternal and newborn health, aiming to intensify efforts to ensure access to proven care for women and babies, especially in the poorest countries and crisis settings.

This new research serves as a clarion call to prioritize maternal health and implement evidence-based interventions to save lives. It underscores the need for equitable access to healthcare and a comprehensive approach to addressing the complex factors contributing to maternal mortality.

From a journalist's perspective, this study offers a stark reminder of the persistent challenges facing maternal health globally. It highlights the critical importance of early detection, timely intervention, and continuous support for women during and after pregnancy. By focusing on these areas, we can make significant strides toward reducing maternal deaths and ensuring healthier futures for mothers and their children.