A food additive commonly found in various food products has been found to pose a greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Carrageenan, also known as E407, is a widely used emulsifier and thickening agent that has been in use in the US since the 1950s. Previous studies have linked it to certain health issues in animals, but its effects on humans remain unclear.

Research Findings on Carrageenan and Health

In a recent study, researchers monitored the effect of carrageenan on a group of 20 young men with a specific body mass index range. Some received a placebo, while others were given a dosage of carrageenan two to three times the daily dose in the US. Despite the short time frame of two weeks, the results showed an increase in the permeability of the small intestine, which was attributed to gut inflammation. This could have long-term health consequences and increase the risk of developing inflammatory diseases like type 2 diabetes.The researchers were particularly interested in how carrageenan affects the body's ability to respond to insulin. While none of the participants were significantly affected by the additional carrageenan in their diet, those with higher body weight were found to be less sensitive to insulin. These participants also showed higher levels of inflammation in the blood and the hypothalamus, which plays a crucial role in appetite, energy expenditure, and hormone management.

Impact on Different Populations

It is important to note that the study focused on a small and relatively homogeneous group of young men. Women and older people were not included. Norbert Stefan, Professor of Clinical-Experimental Diabetology, stated that "Our subjects were, on average, probably still too healthy to show significant metabolic effects from carrageenan. However, in older or overweight individuals, the effects could be stronger. To confirm this, further studies in these population groups are necessary."

Wider Implications and Future Research

The widespread usage of carrageenan makes it crucial to investigate its health implications further. Stefan and co-author Robert Wagner emphasized the need for more research in this area. A decline in the body's sensitivity to insulin occurs before the development of diabetes, which affects a significant portion of the population. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, those at risk include people aged 45 and over and those who are overweight. The study was published in the journal BMC Medicine, highlighting the importance of further exploration in this field.Carrageenan's presence in meat, cheese, and other dairy and dairy alternatives makes it a topic of concern. Understanding its effects on human health is essential to make informed decisions about our diets. Further research is needed to determine the exact mechanisms and potential risks associated with this common food additive.